TPE Earned: 

500k Training + 3

First pt  +  1

Activity Check #303 + 2


TPE Available: 6

Updated!

@"FleshBagSoup" Since you didn't assign any of your earned TPE to an attribute, I've added it to your TPE bank which currently sits at 6.

---

Past Players

S51-71 || Sven Yxskaft || Defenseman || New England Wolfpack || 2315 TPE peak
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Height: 5'11"
Weight: 187 lbs
Birthplace: Sweden
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Achievements:
**** S70 - Challenge Cup Champion ****
S70 - IIHF Silver Medal
S69 - IIHF Silver Medal
**** S68 - IIHF Gold Medal ****
S65 - Eastern Conference All-Star
S64 - IIHF Silver Medal
S64 - Eastern Conference All-Star
S62 - Nominated for the Scott Stevens(Best Defenseman) award
S62 - Nominated for the Joe McKeil(Best Coach) award
**** S62 - All-time TPE leader ****
S61 - Won the New England Wolfpack Nathan Russell Leadership Award
S61 - Nominated for the Lance Uppercut(Best GM) award
S61 - Most (current)TPE in the SHL
S60 - IIHF Bronze Medal
S60 - Eastern Conference All-Star Game representative
S59 - Won the Damian Littleton(Most Dedicated) Award
S59 - Won the New England Wolfpack Nathan Russell Leadership Award
**** S54 - 4 Star Cup Champion ****
S54 - Nominated for the Brodie Witzel Trophy(Playoffs MVP)
S54 - Nominated for the Quilha Agante Trophy(Best Defenseman)
S54 - Traded as a rental for a Reddit 1st
S53 - WJC Silver Medal
S53 - Nominated for the Quilha Agante Trophy(Best Defenseman)
S53 - Nominated for the Zach Miller Trophy(Most Dedicated)
S53 - SMJHL All-Star Team West
S52 - IIHF Silver Medal
S52 - WJC Bronze Medal
S51 - WJC Silver Medal
S51 - Nominated for the Commisioner's Award of Excellence
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transactions:
S55 - Called up to the SHL, New England Wolfpack
S54 - Traded to Carolina Kraken
S52 - Drafted 5th Overall by NEW in the SHL Entry Draft
S51 - Drafted 14th Overall by VAN in the SMJHL Entry Draft

TPE Earned: 

$500k training    +  3

Activity Check 304  + 2


TPE Available: 11

Updated!

Thank you Brandon, Fish, GeckoeyGecko, Karey, Kit, takethehorizon, and Ragnar for the sigs!


Charles Walker || D || S33 || Buffalo Stampede || TPE: 1,074
Name: Charles Walker
Height: 6'4"
Weight: 220 lbs
Number: 19
------------------------------------------------------------
SMJHL Career Statistics
S32 STL: GP: 50, G: 4, A: 11, P: 15, +/-: -3, PIMS: 28, H:34, SB: 52
S33 STL: GP 50, G: 3, A:11, P:14, +/-: -4, PIMS: 32, H: 58, SB: 60
S34 STL: GP: 50, G: 9, A: 21, P: 30, +/-: 17, PIMS: 22, H: 13, SB: 50
------------------------------------------------------------
SMJHL Playoff Career Statistics
S34 STL: GP: 15, G: 5, A:6, P: 11, +/- 4, PIMS: 0, H:3, SB: 24
------------------------------------------------------------
SHL Career Statistics
S35 BUF: GP: 50, G: 3, A: 9, P:12, +/- 0, PIMS: 58, H: 55, SB: 52
S36 BUF: GP: 50, G: 8, A: 9, P: 17, +/- 14, PIMS: 34, H: 67, SB: 72
S37 BUF: GP: 50, G: 8, A: 21, P: 29, +/- 9, PIMS: 34, H: 24, SB: 73
S38 BUF: GP: 50, G: 18, A: 17, P: 35, +/- -10, PIMS: 22, H: 43, SB: 73
S39 BUF: GP: 50, G: 5, A: 19, P: 24, +/- 0, PIMS: 20, H: 50, SB: 83
S40 BUF: GP: 50, G: 9, A: 26, P: 35, +/- -11, PIMS: 16, H: 64, SB: 67
S41 BUF: GP: 50, G: 14, A: 31, P: 45, +/- 2, PIMS: 42, H: 75, SB: 90
S42 BUF: GP: 50, G: 4, A: 20, P: 24, +/- 10, PIMS: 61, H: 109, SB: 79
S43 BUF: GP: 50, G: 15, A: 25, P: 40, +/- 3, PIMS: 56, H: 120, SB: 61
S44 BUF: GP: 50, G: 5, A: 22, P: 27, +/- -6, PIMS: 56, H: 150, SB: 76
S45 BUF: GP: 50, G: 8, A: 23, P: 31, +/- 3, PIMS: 28, H: 55, SB: 75
S46 BUF: GP: 50, G: 6, A: 30, P: 36, +/- 11, PIMS: 4, H: 5, SB: 93
S47 BUF: GP: 50, G: 16, A: 22, P: 38, +/- -5, PIMS: 4, H: 3, SB: 57
S48 BUF: GP: 50, G: 7, A: 17, P: 24, +/- 3, PIMS: 10, H: 20, SB: 78
S49 BUF: GP: 50, G: 3, A: 16, P: 19, +/- 2, PIMS: 10, H: 26, SB: 53
S50 BUF: GP: 50, G: 6, A: 16, P: 22, +/- 13, PIMS: 12, H: 33, SB: 40
S51 BUF: GP: 50, G: 2, A: 11, P: 13, +/- 11, PIMS: 16, H: 20, SB: 47

------------------------------------------------------------
SHL Playoff Career Statistics
S35 BUF: GP: 4, G: 0, A: 0, P: 0, +/- -7, PIMS: 8, H: 7, SB: 3
S36 BUF: GP: 7, G: 0, A: 2, P: 2, +/- 0, PIMS: 7, H: 7, SB: 9
S37 BUF: GP: 7, G: 1, A: 2, P: 3, +/- -3, PIMS: 0, H: 7, SB: 11
S41 BUF: GP: 7, G: 2, A: 6, P: 8, +/- 0, PIMS: 4, H: 13, SB: 11
S42 BUF: GP: 5, G: 0, A: 2, P: 2, +/- -10, PIMS: 4, H: 22, SB: 9
S43 BUF: GP: 9, G: 2, A: 4, P: 6, +/- -3, PIMS: 8, H: 24, SB: 13
S46 BUF: GP: 17, G: 2, A: 7, P: 9, +/- 5, PIMS: 2, H: 4, SB: 23
S47 BUF: GP: 13, G: 3, A: 3, P: 6, +/- 3, PIMS: 0, H: 0, SB: 23
S48 BUF: GP: 22, G: 0, A: 6, P: 6, +/- 8, PIMS: 18, H: 25, SB: 21
S49 BUF: GP: 5, G: 1, A: 3, P: 4, +/- -2, PIMS: 0, H: 5, SB: 5

------------------------------------------------------------
Transactions:
Drafted 46nd overall by St. Louis in the S32 SMJHL Draft
Drafted 39th overall by Buffalo in the S33 SHL Draft
------------------------------------------------------------

Awards and Accomplishments:
Named Assistant Captain for STL in S33
Awarded Ondrej Ravchitikov Award - Best Defenseman for STL in S33
Named Assistant Captain for Buffalo in S39
Assistant Captain for Buffalo through S53
S46 Challenge Cup Champion
S48 Challenge Cup Champion
S40 IIHF Gold Medalist
S45 IIHF Silver Medalist
S48 IIHF Silver Medalist
S50 IIHF Gold Medalist




Jaska Seppälä || LW || S53 || Kelowna Knights || TPE: 247
Name: Jaska Seppälä
Height: 6'2"
Weight: 205 lbs
Number: 7
------------------------------------------------------------
SMJHL Career Statistics
------------------------------------------------------------
Transactions:
Drafted 23rd overall by Kelowna in the S52 SMJHL Entry Draft


Player Page || Update page

TPE Earned: 

Activity Check #305  + 2


TPE Available: 0

TPE: 168

Player Attributes

Points Available: 0

Offensive Ratings
Screening: 5
Getting Open: 5
Passing: 9
Puckhandling: 10
Shooting Accuracy: 5
Shooting Range: 5
Offensive Read: 5

Defensive Ratings
Checking: 10
Faceoffs: 9
Hitting: 11
Positioning: 10
Shot Blocking: 10
Stickchecking: 10
Defensive Read: 12

Physical Ratings
Acceleration: 10
Agility: 9
Balance: 10
Speed: 9
Stamina: 10
Strength: 9
Fighting: 9

Mental Ratings
Aggression: 7
Bravery: 7
*Determination: 15
*Team Player: 15
*Leadership: 15
*Temperament: 15
*Professionalism: 15

*Indicates attributes that cannot be edited.

Final STHS build before 3/6 update for record keeping

Strengths: Defense, Strength, Puck Handling
Weakness: Scoring

Player Attributes 

Points Available: 11 
CK = Checking: 40
FG = Fighting: 26
DI = Discipline: 62
SK = Skating: 40
ST = Strength: 63
EN = Endurance: 40
DU = Durability: 50 (do not add TPE here, injuries are turned off) 
PH = Puck Handling: 64
FO = Face Offs: 40
PA = Passing: 60
SC = Scoring: 40
DF = Defense: 80
PS = Penalty Shot: 40

New FHM build approved: 

TPE: 168

Player Attributes

Points Available: 0

Offensive Ratings
Screening: 5
Getting Open: 5
Passing: 9
Puckhandling: 10
Shooting Accuracy: 5
Shooting Range: 5
Offensive Read: 5

Defensive Ratings
Checking: 10
Faceoffs: 9
Hitting: 11
Positioning: 10
Shot Blocking: 10
Stickchecking: 10
Defensive Read: 12

Physical Ratings
Acceleration: 10
Agility: 9
Balance: 10
Speed: 9
Stamina: 10
Strength: 9
Fighting: 9

Mental Ratings
Aggression: 7
Bravery: 7
*Determination: 15
*Team Player: 15
*Leadership: 15
*Temperament: 15
*Professionalism: 15

Ryuuji Minamino | RW | Syndicate | S53 | 1265 TPE
Birthplace: Sapporo, Japan
Height: 6'3" | Weight: 210lb
SMJHL S52 Draft 56th Overall (NLB)
SHL S53 Draft 11th Overall (CHI)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SMJHL Regular Season
S52 | 50GP | 3G   | 5A   | 8P   | -5  | 16 PIM | 32 Hits |
S53 | 50GP | 16G | 19A | 36P | +5 | 30 PIM | 46 Hits |
S54 | 50GP | 25G | 28A | 53P | +23 | 22 PIM | 20 Hits |
S55 | 50GP | 21G | 35A | 56P | +17 | 12 PIM | 33 Hits |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SMJHL Playoff Season
S52 | 10GP | 1G | 0A | 1P | -4 | 2 PIM | 6 Hits |
S53 | 7GP   | 2G | 3A | 5P | -1 | 2 PIM | 12 Hits |
S54 | 14GP   | 9G | 8A | 17P | +11 | 4 PIM | 7 Hits |
S55 | 17GP   | 5G | 8A | 13P | +6 | 9 PIM | 13 Hits |

update scale:



From 5 to 7, it costs 1 TPE to improve an attribute by one.

From 7 to 9, it costs 2 TPE to improve by one.

From 9 to 11, it costs 5 TPE to improve by one.

From 11 to 13, it costs 8 TPE to improve by one.

From 13 to 15, it costs 15 TPE to improve by one.

From 15 to 17, it costs 25 TPE to improve by one.
From 17 to 20, it costs 40 TPE to improve by one.




TPE Earned: 

Activity check 306 + 2 

S53 Team Training Camp  +  10

$500k training  +  3

Activity check 307  + 2

S53 Interested Prospects PT:  +  5

S53 Earlybird PT - Star Prospect:  +  2

S53 SMJHL Mock Draft  +  5

Adjusted Attributes:

Shooting Accuracy: + 4 ( 5 > 9)

Shooting Range: + 4 ( 5 > 9)

Offensive Read: + 4 ( 5 > 9)

Checking: + 1 ( 10 > 11)

Stamina: + 1  ( 10 > 11)



TPE Available: 1


Total: 197


New Totals



Offensive Ratings

Screening: 5

Getting Open: 5

Passing: 9

Puckhandling: 10

Shooting Accuracy: 9

Shooting Range: 9

Offensive Read: 9



Defensive Ratings

Checking: 11

Faceoffs: 9

Hitting: 11

Positioning: 10

Shot Blocking: 10

Stickchecking: 10

Defensive Read: 12



Physical Ratings

Acceleration: 10

Agility: 9

Balance: 10

Speed: 9

Stamina: 11

Strength: 9

Fighting: 9



Mental Ratings

Aggression: 7

Bravery: 7

*Determination: 15

*Team Player: 15

*Leadership: 15

*Temperament: 15
*Professionalism: 15

Updated! Thank you for your patience!

 


Levin Schattenaxt | RW | GFG | Switzerland | Peak TPE : 235
Height : 5" 10' | Weight : 171 lbs
Birthplace : Pratteln, SWI | Age : 17
Player Type : Counterattacking Forward | Jersey Number : #17


       

---

Jannik Nordstern (Retired) | RD | EDM/SFP/LAP | NLB | Switzerland | Peak TPE : 652
Height : 6" 3' | Weight : 218 lbs
Birthplace : Basel, SWI | Age : 27
Player Type : Shutdown Defenseman | Jersey Number : #71



Markus Tegernako (Retired) | G | Minnesota Monarchs | LBL/NLB | Switzerland | Peak TPE : 2014
Height : 6' 1" | Weight : 200 lbs
Birthplace : Köniz, SWI | Age : 31
Player Type : Hybrid Goalie | Jersey Number : #42
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SMJHL Regular Season Career Statistics :
S49 | LBL | GP : 24 (14-8-1) | SV% : .896 | GAA : 3.02 | SO : 0
S50 | LBL | GP : 46 (23-19-2) | SV% : .885 | GAA : 2.83 | SO : 2
S51 | LBL | GP : 39 (18-17-4) | SV% : .885 | GAA : 2.76 | SO : 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SMJHL Playoffs Career Statistics :
S49 | LBL | GP : 11 (6-5-0) | SV% : .907 | GAA : 2.46 | SO : 2
S50 | LBL | GP : 5 (1-4-0) | SV% : .879 | GAA : 4.42 | SO : 0
S51 | LBL | GP : 6 (2-2-2) | SV% : .877 | GAA : 2.94 | SO : 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SHL Regular Season Career Statistics :
S51 | MIN | GP : 6 (1-3-1) | SV% : .881 | GAA : 3.92 | SO : 0
S52 | MIN | GP : 44 (18-21-5) | SV% : .910 | GAA : 2.86 | SO : 2
S53 | MIN | GP : 44 (11-29-4) | SV% : .915 | GAA : 3.39 | SO : 1
S54 | MIN | GP : 44 (12-30-2) | SV% : .916 | GAA : 4.13 | SO : 1
S55 | MIN | GP : 44 (11-33-0) | SV% : .925 | GAA : 3.67 | SO : 2
S56 | MIN | GP : 44 (14-28-2) | SV% : .910 | GAA : 3.30 | SO : 0
S57 | MIN | GP : 56 (20-31-3) | SV% : .914 | GAA : 3.17 | SO : 3
S58 | MIN | GP : 55 (20-28-6) | SV% : .917 | GAA : 3.09 | SO : 3
S59 | MIN | GP : 56 (27-25-2) | SV% : .921 | GAA : 3.10 | SO : 5
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
IIHF Career Statistics :
S49 | SWI | GP : 3 (1-2-0) | SV% : .863 | GAA : 3.67 | SO : 0
S50 | SWI | GP : 2 (0-1-0) | SV% : .863 | GAA : 5.16 | SO : 0
S51 | SWI | GP : 3 (1-1-1) | SV% : .920 | GAA : 2.67 | SO : 0
S52 | SWI | GP : 5 (0-3-0) | SV% : .802 | GAA : 6.87 | SO : 0
S53 | SWI | GP : 4 (1-3-0) | SV% : .942 | GAA : 2.26 | SO : 1
S54 | SWI | GP : 3 (0-3-0) | SV% : .891 | GAA : 4.36 | SO : 0
S55 | SWI | GP : 2 (1-1-0) | SV% : .924 | GAA : 3.00 | SO : 0
S56 | SWI | GP : 12 (7-4-1) | SV% : .916 | GAA : 3.44 | SO : 0
S57 | SWI | GP : 7 (2-4-1) | SV% : .850 | GAA : 4.40 | SO : 1
S58 | SWI | GP : 7 (3-4-0) | SV% : .883 | GAA : 4.62 | SO : 0
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
WJC Career Statistics :
S50 | ALP | GP : 6 (2-1-1) | SV% : .887 | GAA : 2.94 | SO : 0
S51 | DACH | GP : 10 (6-3-1) | SV% : 0.897 | GAA : 3.18 | SO : 1
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Notable Facts :
S49 : Nominated for the Tom Corcoran Trophy (Best Goalie) in the SMJHL
S49 : Received the Vyacheslav Onoprienko Trophy (Most Underrated Player) in the SMJHL
S50 : Drafted 22nd OA by the Minnesota Chiefs
S50 : Nominated for the Tom Corcoran Trophy (Best Goalie) in the SMJHL
S51 : Won Silver Medal with Switzerland (IIHF)
S51 : Won Bronze Medal with DACH (WJC)
S52 : Nominated for the Ryan Jesster Award (Rookie of the Year) in the SHL



Chrigel Tegernako - Chief Coziness Advisor - Newfoundland Berserkers (S58 - today)
Earlier Jobs :
Scout - Newfoundland Berserkers (S50 - S57)



Tanja Haller - Co-GM - Minnesota Monarchs (S56 - S61)
Other Jobs :
Head GM - Toronto North Stars (S62)
Scout/Coach - Minnesota Chiefs (S53 - S55)


Special thanks to @"Carpy48", @"Chevy", @"Turd Ferguson", @"fever95" and @"enigmatic" for the signatures!

update scale:



From 5 to 7, it costs 1 TPE to improve an attribute by one.

From 7 to 9, it costs 2 TPE to improve by one.

From 9 to 11, it costs 5 TPE to improve by one.

From 11 to 13, it costs 8 TPE to improve by one.

From 13 to 15, it costs 15 TPE to improve by one.

From 15 to 17, it costs 25 TPE to improve by one.
From 17 to 20, it costs 40 TPE to improve by one.




TPE Earned: 

SMJHL Offseason Time-Waster - New Home + 1

$500k training   + 3

Activity Check #308  + 2

Adjusted Attributes:


Positioning: + 1 ( 10 > 11)





TPE Available: 2


Total: 203


New Totals



Offensive Ratings

Screening: 5

Getting Open: 5

Passing: 9

Puckhandling: 10

Shooting Accuracy: 9

Shooting Range: 9

Offensive Read: 9



Defensive Ratings

Checking: 11

Faceoffs: 9

Hitting: 11

Positioning: 11

Shot Blocking: 10

Stickchecking: 10

Defensive Read: 12



Physical Ratings

Acceleration: 10

Agility: 9

Balance: 10

Speed: 9

Stamina: 11

Strength: 9

Fighting: 9



Mental Ratings

Aggression: 7

Bravery: 7

*Determination: 15

*Team Player: 15

*Leadership: 15

*Temperament: 15
*Professionalism: 15

Updated!

(sigs courtesy of Carpy48, BDonini, Turd Ferguson, FlappyGiraffe, and Sulovilen)

update scale:



From 5 to 7, it costs 1 TPE to improve an attribute by one.
From 7 to 9, it costs 2 TPE to improve by one.
From 9 to 11, it costs 5 TPE to improve by one.
From 11 to 13, it costs 8 TPE to improve by one.
From 13 to 15, it costs 15 TPE to improve by one.
From 15 to 17, it costs 25 TPE to improve by one.
From 17 to 20, it costs 40 TPE to improve by one.


TPE Earned: 

Activity Check #309  + 2

$500k training  + 3

SMJHL Offseason Time-Waster #2: Preseason  + 1

Adjusted Attributes:


Stickchecking: + 1 ( 10 > 11)



TPE Available: 3


Total: 209


New Totals



Offensive Ratings

Screening: 5

Getting Open: 5

Passing: 9

Puckhandling: 10

Shooting Accuracy: 9

Shooting Range: 9

Offensive Read: 9



Defensive Ratings

Checking: 11

Faceoffs: 9

Hitting: 11

Positioning: 11

Shot Blocking: 10

Stickchecking: 11

Defensive Read: 12



Physical Ratings

Acceleration: 10

Agility: 9

Balance: 10

Speed: 9

Stamina: 11

Strength: 9

Fighting: 9



Mental Ratings

Aggression: 7

Bravery: 7

*Determination: 15

*Team Player: 15

*Leadership: 15

*Temperament: 15
*Professionalism: 15

Updated!

(sigs courtesy of Carpy48, BDonini, Turd Ferguson, FlappyGiraffe, and Sulovilen)

update scale:



From 5 to 7, it costs 1 TPE to improve an attribute by one.
From 7 to 9, it costs 2 TPE to improve by one.
From 9 to 11, it costs 5 TPE to improve by one.
From 11 to 13, it costs 8 TPE to improve by one.
From 13 to 15, it costs 15 TPE to improve by one.
From 15 to 17, it costs 25 TPE to improve by one.
From 17 to 20, it costs 40 TPE to improve by one.


TPE Earned: 

Activity Check #310   + 2

SMJHL PT #2    + 4

$500k training  + 3

SMJHL Primetime #2  + 1


Adjusted Attributes:


Shot Blocking:: + 1 ( 10 > 11)

Checking: + 1 ( 11 > 12)


TPE Available: 0


Total: 219


New Totals



Offensive Ratings

Screening: 5

Getting Open: 5

Passing: 9

Puckhandling: 10

Shooting Accuracy: 9

Shooting Range: 9

Offensive Read: 9



Defensive Ratings

Checking: 12

Faceoffs: 9

Hitting: 11

Positioning: 11

Shot Blocking: 11

Stickchecking: 11

Defensive Read: 12



Physical Ratings

Acceleration: 10

Agility: 9

Balance: 10

Speed: 9

Stamina: 11

Strength: 9

Fighting: 9



Mental Ratings

Aggression: 7

Bravery: 7

*Determination: 15

*Team Player: 15

*Leadership: 15

*Temperament: 15
*Professionalism: 15

Updated!

(sigs courtesy of Carpy48, BDonini, Turd Ferguson, FlappyGiraffe, and Sulovilen)

update scale:



From 5 to 7, it costs 1 TPE to improve an attribute by one.
From 7 to 9, it costs 2 TPE to improve by one.
From 9 to 11, it costs 5 TPE to improve by one.
From 11 to 13, it costs 8 TPE to improve by one.
From 13 to 15, it costs 15 TPE to improve by one.
From 15 to 17, it costs 25 TPE to improve by one.
From 17 to 20, it costs 40 TPE to improve by one.


TPE Earned: 

Activity Check #311  + 2

$500k training  + 3



Adjusted Attributes:


Speed:: + 1 ( 9 > 10)



TPE Available: 0


Total: 224


New Totals



Offensive Ratings

Screening: 5

Getting Open: 5

Passing: 9

Puckhandling: 10

Shooting Accuracy: 9

Shooting Range: 9

Offensive Read: 9



Defensive Ratings

Checking: 12

Faceoffs: 9

Hitting: 11

Positioning: 11

Shot Blocking: 11

Stickchecking: 11

Defensive Read: 12



Physical Ratings

Acceleration: 10

Agility: 9

Balance: 10

Speed: 10

Stamina: 11

Strength: 9

Fighting: 9



Mental Ratings

Aggression: 7

Bravery: 7

*Determination: 15

*Team Player: 15

*Leadership: 15

*Temperament: 15
*Professionalism: 15